Nora in A Doll’s House Essay Example

Nora in A Doll’s House Paper The rapid change in the character of Nora in A Doll’s House, between Acts 1 and 2, and Act 3 have been noted as â€Å"startling† by critics, however the believability of this transformation has been argued. Looking at it from a Realist perspective, Nora’s final words of â€Å"I’ve stopped believing in miracles,† apparently seems to prove that her characterization in Act 3 is in itself unbelievable. However, when analyzing the text it becomes evident that her change in character only seems sudden from Torvald’s perspective, and that there is in fact subtle dramatic irony within Acts 1 and 2 foreshadowing this transformation. Throughout the play Ibsen shows Nora’s gradual development into a more determined and self-assured woman. This character development is guided and made evident through her growing courage and direct attempts to become more equal to Torvald. Her serious tone at the end of the play is also diminished by her contrastin g childish actions within Act 3, shown primarily through her final act of door slamming. Throughout Acts 1 and 2, Nora’s develops to be increasingly more courageous, firstly shown through her demanding Torvald to hire Mrs. Linde, which contrasts to her previous stating that â€Å"[she] should not think of going against your wishes]† suggesting a foreshadowing an ongoing change within her character. Due to the form being a play and therefore the lack of descriptive settings, it is the character’s actions and their contact with the objects that surround them that defines them. For example, at certain moments in the play Nora â€Å"moves towards stove,† and it is argued that these action convey her need for emotional warmth. In Act 1, when Nora expresses her sweet tooth by sneakily eating the macaroons, it shows Nora is deceitful and manipulative from the start, and thus her â€Å"sudden† transformation into a woman who can tell her husband to â€Å"stop† and â€Å"listen to me,† has in fact previously been suggested to. It i s also hinted that Nora acquires an idealistic intention; to become an equal to her husband. She states that â€Å"last winter I was lucky enough to get a lot of copying to do; so I locked myself up and sat writing all evening until quite late at night it was a tremendous pleasure to sit there working and earning money. It was like being a man.† The use of the verb â€Å"locked,† suggests entrapment, and her desire to be like man and to earn money and work thus shows her unhappiness with her own life. This is further proven by the adverb â€Å"enough,† which sarcastically suggests woman having a set and concrete place in life. We will write a custom essay sample on Nora in A Doll’s House specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Nora in A Doll’s House specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Nora in A Doll’s House specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Throughout Act 3, Nora’s transformation and â€Å"new† serious tone is also diminished and made to seem less extreme through her use of action. As mentioned before, due to the text type, the actions of the character become extremely important to their characterization. Nora leaves the stage on a serious note of â€Å"I’ve stopped believing in miracles,† completely contrasting to her first lines to Torvald of â€Å"Yes, Torvald, we may be a wee bit more reckless now, maynt we? Just a tiny wee bit! You are going to have a big salary and earn lots and lots of money.† The harshness of the word â€Å"stopped† contrasts to the smoothness and removal of harsh consonants in â€Å"mayn’t we,† and together with the idiomatic expressions such as â€Å"wee† and the repetitions of â€Å"lots and lots,† shows that her dialogue undergoes a dramatic shift in tone, however it is Nora’s actions during act 3 which prove that N ora still carry’s through her childish mechanisms. For example, upon leaving the set, Nora â€Å"slams† the door suggesting that nothing she had said needed to be taken seriously as slamming has the effect of showing Nora is still childish and also ends the play on a more humorous note. Nora evidentially portrays different personalities depending on the character she is interacting with, creating doubt in the audience’s mind to if they ever have, during acts 1 and 2, had the privilege of meeting Nora’s true self. Even in her more serious roles; when in the company of Doctor Rank, Nora engages in rather childish activities. It is ironic that she herself has been labeled as a doll and yet repetitively plays with the Doctor by continually asking him to look at her stockings, all in an attempt to see how strong her hold over him is. This lack of a completely serious character in Acts 1 and 2 again hint that there are underlying, still childish characteristics to Nora in Act 3. Throughout the different personalities she plays out, she continuously takes them to the extreme, shown through her repetitive use of the language of absolutes as in â€Å"tore everything apart,† and â€Å"understand myself and everything about [her].† The reader is thu s not surprised that when Nora starts to play a serious role with Torvald, she takes it to an extreme. In fact, the audience is expecting it. Throughout Acts 1 and 2, Nora’s serious side is often hinted at as she becomes increasingly courageous, and it is often hinted that she is unhappy with her current stance in life – thus foreshadowing that an inevitable change will occur for her. Though her sudden serious use of speech occurs in Act 3, her childish and still foolish actions suggest that she is yet again merely playing a part, however playing it to an extreme, which was previously foreshadowed by her repetitive use of the language of absolutes. Throughout her characterization, dramatic irony was created through the audience’s knowledge of her rapid and fluid change in personalities, depending on the character she was interacting with. It therefore comes as no surprise when Nora stops â€Å"believing in miracles† and starts taking on yet another persona, thus making her characterization in Act 3 completely believable.

Quagga Facts and Figures

Quagga Facts and Figures Name: Quagga (pronounced KWAH-gah, after its distinctive call); also known as Equus quagga quagga Habitat: Plains of South Africa Historical Period: Late Pleistocene-Modern (300,000-150 years ago) Size and Weight: About four feet high and 500 pounds Diet: Grass Distinguishing Characteristics: Stripes on head and neck; modest size; brown posterior About the Quagga Of all the animals that have gone extinct over the past 500 million years, the Quagga has the distinction of being the first to have had its DNA analyzed, in 1984. Modern science quickly dissipated 200 years of confusion: when it was first described by South African naturalists, in 1778, the Quagga was pegged as a species of genus Equus (which comprises horses, zebras, and donkeys). However, its DNA, extracted from the hide of a preserved specimen, showed that the Quagga was actually a sub-species of the classic Plains Zebra, which diverged from the parent stock in Africa anywhere between 300,000 and 100,000 years ago, during the later Pleistocene epoch. (This shouldnt have come as a surprise, considering the zebra-like stripes that covered the Quaggas head and neck.) Unfortunately, the Quagga was no match for the Boer settlers of South Africa, who prized this zebra offshoot for its meat and its coat (and hunted it just for sport as well). Those Quaggas that werent shot and skinned were humiliated in other ways; some were used, more or less successfully, to herd sheep, and some were exported for display in foreign zoos (one well-known and much-photographed individual lived in the London Zoo in the mid-19th century). A few Quaggas even wound up pulling carts full of tourists in early 19th century England, which much have quite been an adventure considering the Quaggas mean, skittish disposition (even today, zebras are not known for their gentle natures, which helps to explain why they were never domesticated like modern horses.) The last living Quagga, a mare, died in full sight of the world, in an Amsterdam zoo in 1883. However, you may yet have the chance to see a living Quagga- or at least a modern interpretation of a living Quagga- thanks to the controversial scientific program known as de-extinction. In 1987, a South African naturalist hatched a plan to selectively breed back the Quagga from a population of plains zebras, specifically aiming to reproduce the Quaggas distinctive stripe pattern. Whether or not the resulting animals count as genuine Quaggas, or are technically only zebras that look superficially like Quaggas, will likely not matter to the tourists that (in a few years) will be able to glimpse these majestic beasts on the Western Cape.

The Pros and Cons of Ethanol Fuel

The Pros and Cons of Ethanol Fuel Ethanol is a relatively low-cost alternative fuel  that boasts less pollution and more availability compared to unblended gasoline, but there are a number of benefits and drawbacks to this newer form of fuel. For environmental purposes, ethanol is less harmful than unblended gasoline. Carbon monoxide production from ethanol fuel is significantly lower than that of gasoline engines, and ethanol is easier to source since it comes from processed corn. This means it also helps farms and manufacturing economies. The disadvantages of ethanol and other biofuels include the use of farmland for industrial corn and soy growth, rather than for food crops. Also, biofuels arent meant for all vehicles, especially older vehicles. There is some resistance from the automotive industry when it comes to adding biofuels to the market. However, many automakers are adapting to low-emissions vehicle standards which require vehicles to use ethanol blends rather than unblended gasoline. Ethanol Benefits for the Environment and Economy Overall, ethanol is considered to be better for the environment than gasoline. Ethanol-fueled vehicles produce lower  carbon dioxide emissions,  and the same or lower levels of hydrocarbon and oxides of nitrogen emissions. E85, a blend of 85 percent ethanol and 15 percent gasoline, also has fewer volatile components than gasoline, which means fewer gas emissions from evaporation. Adding ethanol to gasoline in lower percentages, such as 10 percent ethanol and 90 percent gasoline (E10), reduces carbon monoxide emissions from the gasoline and improves fuel octane. Flexible fuel vehicles that can use E85 are widely available and come in many different styles from most major auto manufacturers. E85 is also widely available at a growing number of gas stations throughout the United States. Flexible fuel vehicles have the advantage of being able to use E85, gasoline, or a combination of the two, giving drivers the flexibility to choose the fuel that is most readily available and best suited to their needs. Because ethanol is mostly a product of processed corn, ethanol production supports farmers and creates domestic jobs. And because ethanol is produced domestically, from domestically-grown crops, it reduces U.S. dependence on foreign oil and increases the nation’s energy independence. Being able to grow ethanol-producing crops reduces the pressure to drill in environmentally-sensitive places, such as the north slope of Alaska, the Arctic Ocean, and the Gulf of Mexico. It can replace the necessity for environmentally-sensitive shale oil, like that coming from the Bakken Shale,  and reduces the need for the construction of new pipelines like the Dakota Access Pipeline. The Drawbacks of Ethanol Ethanol and other biofuels are often promoted as clean, low-cost alternatives to gasoline, but the production and use of ethanol are not all positive. The major debate about corn and soy-based biofuels is the amount of land it takes away from food production. Also, industrial corn and soy farming are harmful to the environment in a different way. Growing corn for ethanol involves large amounts of synthetic fertilizer and herbicide. Corn production, in general, is a frequent source of nutrient and sediment pollution. Also, the typical practices of industrial corn farmers, versus commercial and local food farmers, are considered more environmentally hazardous in general. The challenge of growing enough crops to meet the demands of ethanol and biodiesel production is significant and, some say, insurmountable. According to some authorities, producing  enough biofuels  to enable their widespread adoption could mean converting most of the world’s remaining forests and open spaces to farmland - a sacrifice few people would be willing to make. â€Å"Replacing only five percent of the nation’s diesel  consumption with biodiesel  would require diverting approximately 60 percent of today’s soy crops to  biodiesel production,† says Matthew Brown, an energy consultant and former energy program director at the National Conference of State Legislatures. In a 2005 study, Cornell University researcher David Pimental factored in the energy needed to grow crops and convert them to biofuels and concluded that producing ethanol from corn required 29 percent more energy than ethanol is capable of generating. Sources: EarthTalk staff. The Pros and Cons of Biofuels. James T. Ehler, February 2007. Susan S. Lang. Cornell ecologists study finds that producing ethanol and biodiesel from corn and other crops is not worth the energy. Cornell Chronicle, July 5, 2005, Ithaca NY.

The Pizza Puzzle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Pizza Puzzle - Essay Example The idea of introducing a pizza kitchen in a restaurant that had previously focused on traditional steak and seafood was a great move towards diversification. However, the idea did not bring in the expected returns. A closer analysis of the situation revealed that the quality of pizza prepared in the hotel’s kitchen did not match the quality of pizza sold by renowned brands. This was a challenge for the Holiday Inn – Amman, which compelled the food services manager to put in place measures that could lead to improved quality of the pizza. The efforts of improving the pizza quality were evident after a blind taste test purposed to evaluate the difference in quality between the pizza made by the hotel and that from other companies. This evaluation proved that the pizza quality had improved to a remarkable level and that there was no difference between the taste of pizza offered to guests from the hotel and that from other companies. Despite these efforts, the pizza sales remained remarkably low. This prompted the development of a proposal that could increase the sales of pizza. The food services manager suggested that the hotel could create a Napoli pizza image, which would serve to attract more sales for the hotel pizza. Notably, the Napoli Pizza is a renowned brand that sells original Italian pizza. Therefore, the food services manager opined that creating such an image would definitely alter the customer’s perception of the hotel’s pizza. This is because the food services manager had identified that there was a mismatch between the image of the hotel and the expectations of guests regarding the pizza makers. Therefore, creating the Napoli pizza image would ascertain the customers and guests that the pizza was of high quality.

Applied business ethics seminar Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Applied business ethics seminar - Essay Example It is from moral business behaviours that ethical leaders are created. She has made a very valid point, therefore, stating that the two elements should go hand in hand. From her point of view, her tax-evasion schemes are legal and irreproachable. She has clearly stated that she plays by the rules without breaking them. It does not, therefore, prevent her from being a moral person. Her schemes for tax evasion are all legal and within the bounds of the law and saves the company a lot of money. However, these are witty schemes of evading paying taxes and should not be applauded. On the weights of codes, such conduct presents a grey area. Mei-Hua, in a position of a senior manager, is not particularly setting the right example. She is an ethical leader, but business morals are somewhat compromised by her schemes that raise questions towards the same. Deshi is very distasteful about the whole concept of ethics and codes. He also describes them as a document you signs to â€Å"stop you from making money.† They are also documents that you sign to stop you from making money and in addition, they appear to him as guidelines that almost no one in the real business world is clear to follow. Deshi completely disregards the importance of codes of corporate governance. His views may have the benefits of maximizing profit by use of even shrewd means. However, without a code, business would be near to impossible. Deshi has a point in identifying the disparity between what is in the pages of Codes and Ethics and real practice. The codes and ethics seem to be formality documents while actual practice depicts otherwise. He is keen to note that most western companies say one thing but means something else. He implies that even when these documents are signed, most of the businesses do not regard them as their goal is to create profitable, successful businesses. Deshi has had experience in the real world of business. He discovered that no one really

Katniss Everdeen and Michelle Obama’s relation Essay Example for Free

Katniss Everdeen and Michelle Obama’s relation Essay What a makes a person who they are is not what clothes they wear or the car they drive. A person’s true identity lies within their mind, the way they think and how they chose to act upon those thoughts. Katniss Everdeen the brave young woman that fights for her sister in the book, The Hunger Games, is much like our first lady, Michelle Obama. Michelle fights by her husband day in and day out for this country for the good of the people. Katniss strives tooth and nail in the hunger games to save her dystopian society and her younger sister. Katniss Everdeen, a courageous, beautiful and talented young women that could have the world at her fingertips. She lives in the future where hope is hard to come by along with many other things such as food, water, and a home. The district she lives in, district 12, is what is referred to as a dystopian society. Every year a boy and a girl’s name (12-18 years old), from every district, is drawn to participate in the hunger games where they will fight to death and one will be left to be named victorious. Being the stand up lady she is she takes her sister’s place so she does not have to participate. Katniss lives in a time where everything is challenging, people look up to her, and everyone is watching her every move. Michelle shares much of the same qualities as Katniss does. Michelle Obama, the first lady, is highly intelligent and incredibly influential. Her husband was elected president and from that point forward she has been an outstanding first lady. Her duties in her position require much more than what meets the eye. She has to be on her toes, alert, witty, a role model and many other things to be considered a successful first lady. Throughout the past 4 years seeing Michelle Obama work as the first lady has been a joy and watching her work harder and harder everyday has been inspirational. Michelle Obama and Katniss Everdeen share a courageous, inspirational spirit that light up the room they stand in. Whether real or fictional; people have to have someone to look up to. Katniss may not live in the actual world that we do today, but it is a matter of symbolism and how the message of her character can relate to real life. Role models and representing something greater is very important. Michelle Obama is a real life example of an extraordinary role model. She has shown young women and men all over the world how to live an outstanding life. Katniss and Michelle share an incredible amount of great characteristics. It just goes to show that a person does not need to be real to relate to them. Katniss Everdeen and Michelle Obama may come from two completely different worlds, but they can relate to one another on an entirely different level. These two outstanding characters shine among many and prove to others that they are amazing role models. Katniss lives in a post apocalyptic world while Michelle does not, they are parallel in a sense that each of their worlds are cut throat. Whether they fight to their death, or fight for their country both of these young women are strivers and amazing citizens.

Shakespeares Macbeth - Macbeth as Oxymoron :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

MacBeth: Oxymoron Act 1 Scene 1 Page 274 Line 12-13: "Fair is foul, and foul is fair: / Hover through the fog and filthy air." This quote is interesting to me because it is an oxymoron. Its impossible how fair can be foul when fair is equal or mild and foul is gross and rotten. Its significance is that the witches delight in the confusion of good and bad, beauty and ugliness. Act 1 Scene 2 Page 279 Line 40: "So foul and fair a day I have not seen" This quote simply means that it's one of those days when fog is followed by sunshine, then a thunderstorm, some hail, and more sunshine. In other words nature is acting somewhat strange. Act 1 Scene 3 Page 282 Line 174-175: "My dull brain was wrought / With things forgotten" Macbeth makes the lying excuse that he was thinking about something so unimportant that he has already forgotten what it was. However, those things are far from forgotten. Act 1 Scene 4 Page 284 Line 13-47: "There's no art / To find the mind's construction in the face" I chose this quote because I thought it was pretty interesting how Duncan tells us not that you can't tell a book by its cover. From him saying this I compare it to Macbeth. Macbeth may look all innocent on the outside, but in the inside who knows what he has going on in his mind. Act 1 Scene 5 Page 286 Line 18-20: "Thou wouldst be great; / Art not without ambition, but without / The illness should attend it" Lady Macbeth is like the witches, she also believes that foul is fair. Ambition "should" be accompanied by "illness." Yet she does not believe that Macbeth is really good. Act 2 Scene 1 Page 295 Line 5-6:"There's husbandry in heaven; / Their candles are all out"   Banquo means that heaven has gone to bed, and has put out its "candles" (the stars) for the night. Its significance is that the night stars will never be as bright again because nature will now be in a state of turmoil and confusion. Act 2 Scene 1 Page 296 Line 41-42: "Is this a dagger which I see before me, / The handle toward my hand?   At this point in time Macbeth thinks he sees a dagger floating in the air and its pointing to Duncan's room. In other words Macbeth is hallucinating. Act 2 Scene 1 Page 297 Line 69-70: "Whiles I threat, he lives: / Words to the Shakespeare's Macbeth - Macbeth as Oxymoron :: GCSE English Literature Coursework MacBeth: Oxymoron Act 1 Scene 1 Page 274 Line 12-13: "Fair is foul, and foul is fair: / Hover through the fog and filthy air." This quote is interesting to me because it is an oxymoron. Its impossible how fair can be foul when fair is equal or mild and foul is gross and rotten. Its significance is that the witches delight in the confusion of good and bad, beauty and ugliness. Act 1 Scene 2 Page 279 Line 40: "So foul and fair a day I have not seen" This quote simply means that it's one of those days when fog is followed by sunshine, then a thunderstorm, some hail, and more sunshine. In other words nature is acting somewhat strange. Act 1 Scene 3 Page 282 Line 174-175: "My dull brain was wrought / With things forgotten" Macbeth makes the lying excuse that he was thinking about something so unimportant that he has already forgotten what it was. However, those things are far from forgotten. Act 1 Scene 4 Page 284 Line 13-47: "There's no art / To find the mind's construction in the face" I chose this quote because I thought it was pretty interesting how Duncan tells us not that you can't tell a book by its cover. From him saying this I compare it to Macbeth. Macbeth may look all innocent on the outside, but in the inside who knows what he has going on in his mind. Act 1 Scene 5 Page 286 Line 18-20: "Thou wouldst be great; / Art not without ambition, but without / The illness should attend it" Lady Macbeth is like the witches, she also believes that foul is fair. Ambition "should" be accompanied by "illness." Yet she does not believe that Macbeth is really good. Act 2 Scene 1 Page 295 Line 5-6:"There's husbandry in heaven; / Their candles are all out"   Banquo means that heaven has gone to bed, and has put out its "candles" (the stars) for the night. Its significance is that the night stars will never be as bright again because nature will now be in a state of turmoil and confusion. Act 2 Scene 1 Page 296 Line 41-42: "Is this a dagger which I see before me, / The handle toward my hand?   At this point in time Macbeth thinks he sees a dagger floating in the air and its pointing to Duncan's room. In other words Macbeth is hallucinating. Act 2 Scene 1 Page 297 Line 69-70: "Whiles I threat, he lives: / Words to the

Walker: White People and Well-educated Black Man

A well-educated black man, with dreams of making it in the world, is What Jerald Walker was determined to do. Walker had grown up in a community where opinions about â€Å"whites† were shared by everyone. Whites discriminated against black people and anything that was believed as bad by black people, was blamed on the white people. In order to succeed, Walker would have to â€Å"Be† like his brother Clyde. Clyde did not fit the â€Å"stereotype†, of a regular black man. His brother said things like, â€Å"whites aren’t an obstacle to success† and â€Å"only you can’t stop you†.In Scattered Inconveniences, Jerald Walker is up against what seems to be a â€Å"redneck cowboy† that is trying to intimidate and scare because his family wasn’t from that part of the country. it turns out that the guy honking his horn and riding his bumper, is just a good Samaritan trying to prevent a washer from falling out of the back of Walkers truck. I think that Walker is talking from his own experience, when he states that everyone is a racist just by nature, he is saying that we all learn stereotyping from the people around us.I don’t think that his statement is necessarily being a racist, I feel that everyone is discriminated against for something whether it be the color of our skin, the clothes that we wear, or the place that we live. I see myself being like Walker, just assuming this guy is out to hurt me and my family just because I’m a different race. Not fitting the stereotype, I would probably react the same, just get mad and then feel really bad for just automatically thinking the worse first.

Han China/Imperial Rome CCOT

Han China was one of the longest dynasties in Chinese history, however, the Imperial Roman empire lasted even longer. Han China and Imperial Rome share many similarities as well as many differences. Although Han China and Imperial Rome had many similarities (patriarchy, expansion), the differences (recruitment, system of who is in authority) in methods of political control outweigh the similarities because of they had little interaction with each other. The first similarity between Han China and Imperial Rome is found when comparing their patriarchal societies.Both in Han China and Imperial Rome they were extremely patriarchal. In each society the man of the house could arrange marriages for their children, decided whether or not to keep the offspring born to their wives, and decided how to punish wives if they commit a wrongdoing. In Han China, for example they tried to strengthen patriarchal authority by emphasizing importance of filial piety and women’s subordination to men . Imperial Rome was also patriarchal, for example, because husbands would have multiple children with their wives in hope of birthing a strong, healthy son to carry on the family name and legacy.The main job given to women in Rome was to birth sons. The women had no say in the number of children they had or in keeping the children they gave birth to. If the women couldn’t fulfill this expectation of having sons, the husband would divorce the woman, have children with another woman, or simply kill his wife and find another one. The next similarity between Han China and Imperial Rome is the expansion of both their governments. Both societies sought to expand the borders of their empires through imperial expansion.They perceived threats to security led to wars and conquests, which increased the length of borders and led to more perceived threats. In vein of the Qin dynasty before the second empire, the primary goal of the Han dynasty was to unite all of China. To accomplish this , Han China invaded and brought the territories of Korea, Vietnam, and parts of modern Kyrgyzstan into Chinese society. Likewise, Imperial Rome conquered all of the Mediterranean basin and oversaw affairs from Anatolia and Palestine in the east to Spain and Morocco in the west.Both societies also had vast armies to control their new territories. Han China and Imperial Rome differed, firstly, in their forms of recruitment. In Han China, they needed educated officials to take positions in the society. To accomplish this, they created a university and civil service exams. The university they established was based on Confucianism for its curriculum and was used to prepare men for government service. The men also had to take civil service exams, which people rarely passed, to become a government official.The recruitment for Imperial Rome was simpler. A typical recruit for the Roman army would appear at an interview with a letter of introduction, often written by the family patron. Next, they had to have a medical examination. The examination consisted of checking for a minimum height which was demanded and making sure the soldiers had all their fingers, toes, and limbs. After this was over, the men were given advanced pay and would be posted to a unit. Han China and Imperial Rome are different, secondly, because of who is in control of their government.Han China’s political system was known for a centralized unit, that was ruled by an emperor through the Mandate of Heaven. Rome, however, had a centralized, interwoven structure that was ruled by a Roman monarch, who controlled their complex structure. Furthermore, Han China was divided into administrative districts that were governed by officials, selected by the emperor. Though in contrast, Imperial Rome created a monarchy, disguised as a republic, so that the emperor could have complete control, but the citizens would feel like they were contributing to the government.Han China and Imperial Rome were two ve ry influential societies in history. They shared many similarities as well as many differences with each other. Han China and Imperial Rome had several differences, like recruitment and their systems of who is in authority, but they also had many similarities, such as being patriarchal and expansion, however their differences outweigh their similarities because they had little interaction with each other so they didn’t share ideas or concepts.

The abuse of power Essays

The abuse of power Essays The abuse of power Essay The abuse of power Essay Danforths status does not change during the play as he is a judge but it can be argued that he is a judge that does not listen to sense and evidence, and will believe anything. The final character I am going to focus this essay on is Mary Warren. Marys character does not manipulate others but is manipulated herself. In comparison to Abigail, Mary can be seen as weak and fragile. She is mainly manipulated by Abigail throughout the play. Abigail: (Shivering visibly. ) It is a wind, a wind! Mary Warren: Abby, dont do that! In my opinion, Arthur Miller created such a character so the audience can easily view the lengths Abigail goes to, to influence and control a situation that could end up unfavourably for her. This illustrates how selfish she is as a person and because of Mary Warren, it helps us to understand the character of Abigail. Danforth, who always seems to believe Abigail, turns against Mary Warren, who was a part of the group of girls accusing people in the public of using witchcraft, and asks Mary Warren about what she is supposedly doing to Abigail, Danforth: (Himself engaged and entered by Abigail. ) Mary Warren, do you witch her? I say to you, do you send your spirit out? This then eventually causes John Proctor to prove to Danforth that Abigail can not be trusted by telling everyone what has happened between him and Abigail. Mary, as a character, is not strong enough to stand up to a character like Abigail for a fear of what could happen to her. This shows us that the point of Marys character is to show the audience Abigails evil qualities and possibly what Abigail is capable of to protect herself. In conclusion, Abigail had the ability to push around anybody, something she would not have been able to do if the trials for witchcraft had not taken place. Abigail is possibly the most manipulative character in modern literature. By creating Abigail, I believe that Arthur Miller was trying to capture the events of what was happening within his own society at the time. From writing this essay, I have learned that this play is a study of power and manipulation as there is a vast amount of it within just one piece of literature. By writing The Crucible, Arthur Miller has shown his readers that if one person is given too much power, no good would possibly come from it.

Hisarlik, Scientific Excavations at Ancient Troy

Hisarlik, Scientific Excavations at Ancient Troy Hisarlik (occasionally spelled Hissarlik and also known as Ilion, Troy or Ilium Novum) is the modern name for a tell located near the modern city of Tevfikiye in the Dardanelles of northwest Turkey. The tell- a type of archaeological site that is a tall mound hiding a buried city- covers an area of about 200 meters (650 feet) in diameter and stands 15 m (50 ft) high. To the casual tourist, says archaeologist Trevor Bryce (2002), excavated Hisarlik looks like a mess, a confusion of broken pavements, building foundations and superimposed, crisscrossing fragments of walls. The mess known as Hisarlik is widely believed by scholars to be the ancient site of Troy, which inspired the marvelous poetry of the Greek poet Homers masterpiece, The Iliad. The site was occupied for some 3,500 years, beginning in the Late Chalcolithic/Early Bronze Age period about 3000 BC, but it is certainly most famous as the probable location of Homers 8th century BC stories of the Late Bronze Age Trojan War, which took place 500 years earlier. Chronology of Ancient Troy Excavations by Heinrich Schliemann and others have revealed perhaps as many as ten separate occupation levels in the 15-m-thick tell, including Early and Middle Bronze Ages (Troy Levels 1-V), a late Bronze Age occupation presently associated with Homers Troy (Levels VI/VII), a Hellenistic Greek occupation (Level VIII) and, at the top, a Roman period occupation (Level IX). Troy IX, Roman, 85 BC-3rd c ADTroy VIII, Hellenistic Greek, founded in the mid-eighth centuryTroy VII 1275-1100 BC, quickly replaced the destroyed city but itself destroyed between 1100-1000Troy VI 1800-1275 BC, Late Bronze Age, the last sublevel (VIh) is thought to represent Homers TroyTroy V, Middle Bronze Age, ca 2050-1800 BCTroy IV, Early Bronze Age (abbreviated EBA) IIIc, post-AkkadTroy III, EBA IIIb, ca. 2400-2100 BC, comparable to Ur IIITroy II, EBA II, 2500-2300, during the Akkadian empire, Priams Treasure, wheel-made pottery with red-slip potteryTroy I, Late Chalcolithic/EB1, ca 2900-2600 cal BC, hand-made dark burnished hand-built potteryKumtepe, Late Chalcolithic, ca 3000 cal BCHanaytepe, ca 3300 cal BC, comparable to Jemdet NasrBesiktepe, comparable to Uruk IV The earliest version of the city of Troy is called Troy 1, buried beneath 14 m (46 ft) of later deposits. That community included the Aegean megaron, a style of narrow, long-room house which shared lateral walls with its neighbors. By Troy II (at least), such structures were reconfigured for public use- the first public buildings at Hisarlik- and residential dwellings consisted in the form of several rooms surrounding interior courtyards. Much of the Late Bronze Age structures, those dated to the time of Homers Troy and including the entire central area of the Troy VI citadel, were razed by Classical Greek builders to prepare for the construction of the Temple of Athena. The painted reconstructions that you see show a hypothetical central palace and a tier of surrounding structures for which there is no archaeological evidence. The Lower City Many scholars were skeptical about Hisarlik being Troy because it was so small, and Homers poetry seems to suggest a large commercial or trading center. But excavations by Manfred Korfmann discovered that the small central hilltop location supported a much larger population, perhaps as many as 6,000 living in an area estimated to be about 27 hectares (about one-tenth of a square mile) lying adjacent to and stretched out 400 m (1300 ft) from the citadel mound. The Late Bronze Age parts of the lower city, however, were cleaned out by the Romans, although remnants of a defensive system including a possible wall, a palisade, and two ditches were found by Korfmann. Scholars are not united in the size of the lower city, and indeed Korfmanns evidence is based on a fairly small excavation area (1-2% of the lower settlement). Priams Treasure is what Schliemann called a collection of 270 artifacts he claimed to have found in within palace walls at Hisarlik. Scholars think it is more likely that he found some in a stone box (called a cist) among building foundations above the Troy II fortification wall on the western side of the citadel, and those probably represent a  hoard  or a  cist grave. Some of the objects were found elsewhere and Schliemann simply added them to the pile. Frank Calvert, among others, told Schliemann that the artifacts were too old to be from Homers Troy, but Schliemann ignored him and published a photograph of his wife Sophia wearing the diadem and jewels from Priams Treasure. What seems likely to have come from the cist includes a wide range of gold and silver objects. The gold included a sauceboat, bracelets, headdresses (one illustrated on this page), a diadem, basket-earrings with pendant chains, shell-shaped earrings and nearly 9,000 gold beads, sequins and studs. Six silver ingots were included, and bronze objects included vessels, spearheads, daggers, flat axes, chisels, a saw, and several blades. All of these artifacts have since been stylistically dated to the Early Bronze Age, in Late Troy II (2600-2480 BC). Priams treasure created a huge scandal when it was discovered that Schliemann had smuggled the objects out of Turkey to Athens, breaking Turkish law and expressly against his permit to excavate. Schliemann was sued by the Ottoman government, a suit which was settled by Schliemann paying 50,000 French Francs (about 2000 English pounds at the time). The objects ended up in Germany during World War II, where they were claimed by the Nazis. At the end of World War II, Russian allies removed the treasure and took it to Moscow, where it was  revealed in 1994. Troy Wilusa There is a bit of exciting but controversial evidence that Troy and its troubles with Greece might be mentioned in Hittite documents. In Homeric texts, Ilios and Troia were interchangeable names for Troy: in Hittite texts, Wilusiya and Taruisa are nearby states; scholars have surmised recently that they were one and the same. Hisarlik may have been the royal seat of the king of  Wilusa, who was a  vassal to the Great King of the Hittites, and who suffered battles with his neighbors. The status of the site- that is to say the status of Troy- as an important regional capital of western Anatolia during the Late Bronze Age has been a consistent flashpoint of heated debate among scholars for most of its modern history. The Citadel, even though it is heavily damaged, can be seen to be considerably smaller than other Late Bronze Age regional capitals such as  Gordion, Buyukkale, Beycesultan, and  Bogazkoy. Frank Kolb, for example, has argued fairly strenuously that Troy VI was not even much of a city, much less a commercial or trade center and certainly not a capital. Because of Hisarliks connection with Homer, the site has perhaps unfairly been intensively debated. But the settlement was likely a pivotal one for its day, and, based on Korfmanns studies, scholarly opinions and the preponderance of evidence, Hisarlik likely was the site where events occurred that formed the basis of Homers  Iliad. Archaeology at Hisarlik Test excavations were first conducted at Hisarlik by railroad engineer John Brunton in the 1850s and archaeologist/diplomat  Frank Calvert  in the 1860s. Both lacked the connections and money of their much-better-known associate,  Heinrich Schliemann, who excavated at Hisarlik between 1870 and 1890. Schliemann heavily relied on Calvert, but notoriously downplayed Calverts role in his writings. Wilhelm Dorpfeld excavated for Schliemann at Hisarlik between 1893-1894, and  Carl Blegen  of the University of Cincinnati in the 1930s. In the 1980s, a new collaborative team started at the site led by  Manfred Korfmann  of the University of Tà ¼bingen and  C. Brian Rose  of the University of Cincinnati. Sources Archaeologist Berkay Dinà §er has several excellent  photographs of Hisarlik  on his Flickr page. Allen SH. 1995.  Finding the Walls of Troy: Frank Calvert, Excavator.  American Journal of Archaeology  99(3):379-407. Allen SH. 1998.  A Personal Sacrifice in the Interest of Science: Calvert, Schliemann, and the Troy Treasures.  The Classical World  91(5):345-354. Bryce TR. 2002.  The Trojan War: Is There Truth behind the Legend?  Near Eastern Archaeology  65(3):182-195. Easton DF, Hawkins JD, Sherratt AG, and Sherratt ES. 2002.  Troy in recent perspective.  Anatolian Studies  52:75-109. Kolb F. 2004. Troy VI:  A Trading Center and Commercial City?  American Journal of Archaeology  108(4):577-614. Hansen O. 1997. KUB XXIII.  13: A Possible Contemporary Bronze Age Source for the Sack of Troy.  The Annual of the British School at Athens 92:165-167. Ivanova M. 2013.  Domestic architecture in the Early Bronze Age of western Anatolia: the row-houses of Troy I.  Anatolian Studies  63:17-33. Jablonka P, and Rose CB. 2004.  Forum Response: Late Bronze Age Troy: A Response to Frank Kolb.  American Journal of Archaeology  108(4):615-630. Maurer K. 2009.  Archeology as Spectacle: Heinrich Schliemanns Media of Excavation.  German Studies Review  32(2):303-317. Yakar J. 1979.  Troy and Anatolian Early Bronze Age Chronology.  Anatolian Studies  29:51-67.

Five Advertisements Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Five Advertisements - Essay Example Some of the mass media channels used for advertising include newspaper, television stations, radio advertisement, newspaper, outdoor advertising, or new media such direct mail, text massages, or website. Not all advertisements are aimed at promoting sales; others are geared at keeping customers informed of availability of certain products in the market. Some of the advertisement that gives no reasons for purchasing the products includes advertising to profession or business, institution advertising, pioneering advertising, Obtrusive advertising, competitive advertising, and remainder advertising. This form of advertising targets professionals and resellers. The media type that is mandated to carry out this form uses professional magazines or directly mails the customers. The ads herein do not aim at influencing customers directly and the products presented for advertisement are not to be bought by final users. For instance, a company-advising mortgage for the developers has nothing to do with customers or the end users. In other words, the advisement does not target the final customers. The corporate ads form part of these ads. They often target stockholders, financial institutes, employees, government, and political leaders (Phillips & Rasberry 127). The main aim of institutional or corporate ads may be to boost or establish corporate image and identity, counter any negative attitude towards the company, to promote industry’s interest in relation to some potential social or public interests. The current Aditya Birla group campaign ads would fit into this category. This type of advertisement tries to create a selective demand; that is the demand of a specific manufacture’s product as opposed to product category. The major companies that are involved or seek this form of advertisement are innovating companies who are ever forced to show the customer the evolution the company’s product. For